Muhasabah and the Construction of Moral Subjectivity: Al-Ghazali’s Influence on Ta’dzim among Santri in Islamic Boarding Schools

Abstract

This study aims to examine how al-Ghazali’s concept of muhasabah (self-introspection) can foster an attitude of ta’dzim (respect) in students in Islamic boarding schools. The concept of muhasabah in al-Ghazali’s thinking is the main foundation in the education of morals and spirituality of a person. In the context of Islamic boarding school education, the value of ta’dzim is a fundamental character that is instilled in students from the beginning, especially in respecting teachers (kiai), knowledge, and fellow students and their surroundings. This study uses qualitative (library research) this study analyzes classical texts from al-Ghazali’s works and related Islamic education literature. The results of the study show that the practice of muhasabah strengthens ethical and spiritual awareness, fosters humility (tawadhu’), manners, and deep respect for teachers, knowledge, and fellow students. This article offers a spiritual-ethical framework based on Al-Ghazali’s thinking to strengthen character education in Islamic boarding schools and answer contemporary moral challenges.